Synthesis of Mesoporous Magnetic MFe2O4(M=Co,Mn,Ni) Nanoparticles for the Photodegradation of Pesticides

A facile synthesis method was employed to prepare monodisperse,magnetic mesoporous inverse spinell ferrites MFe 2 O 4 (Co,Mn,Ni) nanoparticles of size 35–50 nm.The synthesis method involves thermal decomposition of metal chloride precursors in presence of ethylene glycol, sodium acetate and ethanolamine Synthesiszed spinel ferrites was well characterized by XRD,SEM, and UV-DRS analysis. The synthesized material showed photocatalytic activity towards Imidacloroprid (IMP) degradation. Magnetic property of the ferrites defines it to be easily separable for repeated applications

Estimation of Parameters and Design of a Path Following Controller for a Prototype AUV

In order to improve the performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) deployed in different applications such as oceanographic survey, search and detection tasks in a given area necessitates the development of an appropriate path following controller which offers a precise and rapid control of the AUVs’ control surfaces and propeller system. In order to design such a vehicle control system, there is a need for good approximation of the vehicles static and dynamic model. Based on a combination of theoretical and empirical data, it can provide a good starting point for vehicle control system development as well as an alternative to the typical trial-and-error methods used for controller design and tuning. As there are no standard procedure for AUV modeling, the simulation of each autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) represents a new challenge. This thesis describes the development of a six degree of freedom, non-linear simulation model for the prototype AUV. In this model, all the forces which strongly affect the dynamic performance of an AUV such as the external forces and moments resulting from hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, lift and drag, added mass, and the control inputs of the AUV propeller and fins are all defined in terms of vehicle coefficients. Computational Fluid Dynamics along with empirical formulas have been applied to determine the hydrodynamic coefficients of the AUV. In order to model the behavior of the AUV as closely to the real-world system as possible, the equations used for determining the coefficients, as well as those describing the AUVs’ motions were left in non-linear form. Simulation of the AUV motion was achieved using numerical integration techniques of the equations of motion based on the derived coefficients. From the simulation, of the AUV model, results observed led to the development of a controller for the prototype AUV. Sliding Mode Controller was chosen as the desired controller because of its definitive advantages over the PID controller, some of which are the straightforward firmware implementation, use of discrete decision rules which allows the controller to function in hybrid feedback configuration and the fact that it does not suffer from issues related with the drift in controller signal output with time, i.e. latency issues for real time applications. The developed model of the prototype AUV was decoupled into two separate parts namely Heading control and Depth control. State Space Model for each part was derived and a Sliding Mode controller was developed based on the required dynamics of each part. Simulations of the AUV model integrated with Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) was carried out to determine whether the controller was able to direct the motion of the prototype AUV along the desired path, i.e. the level of accuracy of the prototype AUV in path following task

Economic information transmissions and liquidity between shipping markets: new evidence from freight derivatives

Economic return and volatility spillovers of derivatives markets on a number of assets have been extensively examined in the general economics literature. However, there are only a limited number of studies that investigate such interactions between freight rates and the freight futures, and no studies that also consider potential linkages with freight options. This study fills this gap by investigating the economic spillovers between time-charter rates, freight futures and freight options prices in the dry-bulk sector of the international shipping industry. Empirical results indicate the existence of significant information transmission in both returns and volatilities between the three related markets, which we attribute to varying trading activity and market liquidity. The results also point out that, consistent with theory, the freight futures market informationally leads the freight rate market, though surprisingly, freight options lag behind both futures and physical freight rates. The documented three-way economic interactions between the related markets can be used to enhance budget planning and risk management strategies, potentially attract more investors, and thus, improve the liquidity of the freight derivatives market

Power Control Optimization of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Systems Using the Knowledge of Battery Capacity Of the Mobile.

Power Consumption has become most important criteria in the design of wireless portable devices. The proposed work is on the study of the power control methods for different optimization objectives given the knowledge of battery power capacity. The target is planned to set on the single cell multi rate code division multiple access (CDMA) system with perfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) as our specific system. Different orderings for the SIC lead to different power contro

A Study on Genotoxic Potential of Acephate in Clarias batrachus

Acephate is an insecticide made up of organophosphates. It is applied to food crops, citrus trees, on golf courses, in commercial or institutional buildings, and as a seed treatment. Products containing acephate can be purchased as tablets, liquids, granules, powders, and water-soluble packs. Acephate 75% brand name-Asataf insecticide manufactured by TATA RALLIS was used for the test. The solvent used was glass double distilled (g.d.d.) water. Fresh water catfish    Clarias batrachus were collected from local water bodies of Cuttack district. All the fishes were acclimatized for fifteen days in laboratory aquaria containing 30L dechlorinated tap water prior to the initiation of the experiment. The peripheral blood smear slides were prepared from the blood collected by caudal incision in accordance with Al-Sabti (1986) and Das and Nanda (1986) with some modifications which were prepared animals were sacrificed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of Exposure and were used for each treatment group in both types of administrations (IP and dermal). The increased concentration of acephate directly affects our biological fish sample i.e. Clarias batrachus. Acephate is causing serious problems in fish as per our genotoxicity study of acephate on Clarias batrachus. Clarias batrachus is a commonly found fish species in fresh water habitat which includes ponds, ditches, wetlands and rice fields of India specially in Odisha.The irrational use of pesticides containing acephate in agriculture cause harmful effects on Clarias batrachus, which is a most important species of fish for maintaining the aquatic diversity

Assessment of Water Quality of Mahanadi and It\u27s Tributary Katha Jodi River, Cuttack District, Odisha

For all living things, water is one of the most important sources. Despite being a renewable resource, clean water scarcity is a major problem in many regions of the world. We require water for a variety of things, including food production, personal hygiene, electrical generation, fire control, and most importantly, survival. Nine sampling stations were chosen at various locations along the Mahanadi and its tributary, the Katha Jodi River, in the Cuttack area (S1-S9). To collect a tiny amount of water from the water source for water analysis and to look at the physico-chemical components that are present in the water, sampling is done. Our study sites\u27 dissolved oxygen concentrations range from 3.9 to 5.8 mg/lit, and the water samples from all of the sites are only mildly alkaline. All study sites have alkalinities below 150 mg/lit, ranging from 129 mg/lit to 162 mg/lit. All of the study sites\u27 water conductivities are within the typical range of river water, or 200 to 1000 mhos/cm. All of the study locations, with the exception of our study sites 1 and 2, have high nitrate levels of greater than 100 mg/lit. Our study sites had phosphate concentrations between 0.8 and 2.0 mg/lit, and a river shouldn\u27t have more phosphates than 0.1 mg/L. Over these limits, phosphorus can be quite hazardous

Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate by Polymer Precursor Route

My objective in this project is to synthesize phase pure lithium orthosilicate by using a novel polymer precursor route and simultaneously compare the results with lithium orthosilicate prepared by conventional solid state method. Source of silica is very important for the formation of lithium orthosilicate. For our work, the objective can be broadly highlighted as follows: 1. To study the effect of different sources of silica on the phase formation behaviour of lithium orthosilicate. 2. To compare the properties (thermal and microstructural) of lithium orthosilicate derived from polymer route and conventional solid state route. 3. To study the densification behaviour of polymer derived lithium orthosilicate and solid state synthesized lithium orthosilicate. 4. To study the effect of non-stoichiometric amount of silica on lithium sublimation